Z06-01 专题-Docker

• 安装
  • Windows 系统
    • 前置要求
    • 下载和安装
    • 注册
  • Linux 系统【
• 基本使用
• 常用命令
  • 命令列表
  • 命令使用
• 镜像操作
  • 构建镜像
  • 删除镜像
  • Dockerfile 构建镜像
    • Dockerfile 构建镜像
    • 运行构建的镜像
• 存储
• 网络
  • Redis主从同步集群
  • 启动MySQL
• Docker Compose
  • 命令式安装
  • compose.yaml
  • 特性
• Dockerfile
• 附录-一键安装超多中间件
  • yaml
  • 启动
  • 访问

[TOC]

安装

Windows 系统

前置要求

• 系统要求：Windows 10以上

• 硬件：

  • 处理器：支持虚拟化
  • 内存：4G以上

• 虚拟化：确保 BIOS 中已经启用了虚拟化技术（如 Intel VT-X、AMD-V）

  

• 安装 WSL 2：Docker Desktop for Windows 需要 WSL 2 支持

  在命令行输入一下命令安装（需要开启 TUN 魔法）：

  wsl -l -o # wsl --list --online

• 启用以下功能：

  在 控制面板 - 启用或关闭 Windows 功能 中启用 Virtual Machine Platform 和 适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统

  

下载和安装

下载地址：https://www.docker.com/

下载和安装：

1. 选择版本：

   

2. 安装：正常软件安装流程

注册

Linux 系统【

国内常⻅云平台：

• 阿⾥云、腾讯云、华为云、⻘云......

使⽤ CentOS 7.9

WindTerm下载：https://github.com/kingToolbox/WindTerm/releases/download/2.6.0/WindTerm_2.6.1_Windows_Portable_x86_64.zip

# 移除旧版本docker
sudo yum remove docker \
 docker-client \
 docker-client-latest \
 docker-common \
 docker-latest \
 docker-latest-logrotate \
 docker-logrotate \
 docker-engine
# 配置docker yum源。
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 安装 最新 docker
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-pl
ugin docker-compose-plugin
# 启动& 开机启动docker； enable + start ⼆合⼀
systemctl enable docker --now
# 配置加速
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
 "registry-mirrors": ["https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

基本使用

基本使用：安装/运行 ubuntu 镜像

1. 安装/运行 ubuntu 镜像：docker run -it ubuntu:latest /bin/bash

   

   • docker run：运行/安装镜像
   • -it：交互模式
   • ubuntu:latest：镜像名和版本
   • /bin/bash：安装完镜像后自动打开命令行

2. 进入 ubuntu 系统：此时已经进入了 ubuntu 系统，可以在其中进行各种操作

   • 查看系统版本：cat /etc/os-release

     

   • 退出容器：exit

     

常用命令

命令列表

#查看运⾏中的容器
docker ps
#查看所有容器
docker ps -a
#搜索镜像
docker search nginx
#下载镜像
docker pull nginx
#下载指定版本镜像
docker pull nginx:1.26.0
#查看所有镜像
docker images
#删除指定id的镜像
docker rmi e784f4560448


#运⾏⼀个新容器
docker run nginx
#停⽌容器
docker stop keen_blackwell
#启动容器
docker start 592
#重启容器
docker restart 592
#查看容器资源占⽤情况
docker stats 592
#查看容器⽇志
docker logs 592
#删除指定容器
docker rm 592
#强制删除指定容器
docker rm -f 592
# 后台启动容器
docker run -d --name mynginx nginx
# 后台启动并暴露端⼝
docker run -d --name mynginx -p 80:80 nginx
# 进⼊容器内部
docker exec -it mynginx /bin/bash
# 提交容器变化打成⼀个新的镜像
docker commit -m "update index.html" mynginx mynginx:v1.0
# 保存镜像为指定⽂件
docker save -o mynginx.tar mynginx:v1.0
# 删除多个镜像
docker rmi bde7d154a67f 94543a6c1aef e784f4560448
# 加载镜像
docker load -i mynginx.tar


# 登录 docker hub
docker login
# 重新给镜像打标签
docker tag mynginx:v1.0 leifengyang/mynginx:v1.0
# 推送镜像
docker push leifengyang/mynginx:v1.0

命令使用

docker 常用命令：需要退出 ubuntu 系统

• 查看当前运行镜像：docker images

  

• 查看当前运行容器：docker ps

  

• 查看所有状态的容器：docker ps -all

  

• 删除容器：docker rm <容器ID>，（不能删除正在运行的容器，添加参数 /f 才能强制删除正在运行的容器）

  

• 启动指定容器，并在退出后自动删除该容器：docker run -it --rm ubuntu:latest /bin/bash

  

• 启动指定容器，并在后台运行，并指定运行1800秒后休眠：docker run -d --rm ubuntu:latest sleep 1800

  

• 进入 docker 内部：docker exec -it <容器ID> /bin/bash

  

镜像操作

构建镜像

1. 在容器内部安装 git：通过 apt 命令工具

   • 升级 apt：apt update

   • 安装 git：apt install git -y

   • 验证 git 是否安装成功：git --version

     

2. 构建镜像：docker commit <容器ID> ubuntu:git

   

3. 验证镜像构建是否成功：docker images

   

4. 使用构建的镜像：docker run -it --rm ubuntu:git /bin/bash

   

删除镜像

1. 删除指定镜像：docker rmi <镜像ID>，（不能删除正在运行的镜像，添加参数 /f 才能强制删除正在运行的镜像）

   

Dockerfile 构建镜像

直接将容器构建成镜像在实际生产中是不可取的，它会造成版本混乱。实际生产中我们可用通过 Dockerfile 来构建镜像，所有的镜像都可以通过 Dockerfile 来管理。

Dockerfile 构建镜像

Dockerfile 构建镜像：

1. 新建 Dockerfile 文件：添加以下配置：

   

2. 执行 docker build 命令构建镜像：docker build -t lottery-wheel:v1 .

   • docker build：构建镜像
   • -t lottery-wheel:v1：指定构建后的镜像名
   • .：docker 会到指定的.当前路径查找 Dockerfile 文件

   

运行构建的镜像

运行构建的镜像：

1. 创建 docker 数据卷：docker volume create <卷名>

   

2. 查看数据卷：docker volume ls

   

3. 运行构建的镜像：

==数据卷==：

存储

两种⽅式，注意区分：

• ⽬录挂载： -v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/html

• 卷映射： -v ngconf:/etc/nginx

docker run -d -p 99:80 \
-v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v ngconf:/etc/nginx \
--name app03 \
nginx

网络

创建⾃定义⽹络，实现主机名作为稳定域名访问。

Redis主从同步集群

#⾃定义⽹络
docker network create mynet
#主节点
docker run -d -p 6379:6379 \
-v /app/rd1:/bitnami/redis/data \
-e REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=master \
-e REDIS_PASSWORD=123456 \
--network mynet --name redis01 \
bitnami/redis
#从节点
docker run -d -p 6380:6379 \
-v /app/rd2:/bitnami/redis/data \
-e REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=slave \
-e REDIS_MASTER_HOST=redis01 \
-e REDIS_MASTER_PORT_NUMBER=6379 \
-e REDIS_MASTER_PASSWORD=123456 \
-e REDIS_PASSWORD=123456 \
--network mynet --name redis02 \
bitnami/redis

启动MySQL

docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
-v /app/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /app/mydata:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
mysql:8.0.37-debian

Docker Compose

命令式安装

#创建⽹络
docker network create blog
#启动mysql
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
-e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress \
-v mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /app/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
--restart always --name mysql \
--network blog \
mysql:8.0
#启动wordpress
docker run -d -p 8080:80 \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=mysql \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=root \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=123456 \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=wordpress \
-v wordpress:/var/www/html \
--restart always --name wordpress-app \
--network blog \
wordpress:latest

compose.yaml

name: myblog

services:
 mysql:
 container_name: mysql
 image: mysql:8.0
 ports:
 - "3306:3306"
 environment:
 - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
 - MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress
 volumes:
 - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
 - /app/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
 restart: always
 networks:
 - blog
 
 wordpress:
 image: wordpress
 ports:
 - "8080:80"
 environment:
 WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: mysql
 WORDPRESS_DB_USER: root
 WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: 123456
 WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
 volumes:
 - wordpress:/var/www/html
 restart: always
 networks:
 - blog
 depends_on:
 - mysql

volumes:
 mysql-data:
 wordpress:

networks:
 blog:

特性

• 增量更新
  • 修改 Docker Compose ⽂件。重新启动应⽤。只会触发修改项的重新启动。
• 数据不删
  • 默认就算down了容器，所有挂载的卷不会被移除。⽐较安全

Dockerfile

app.jar

FROM openjdk:17
LABEL author=leifengyang
COPY app.jar /app.jar
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

附录-一键安装超多中间件

#Disable memory paging and swapping performance
sudo swapoff -a
# Edit the sysctl config file
sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# Add a line to define the desired value
# or change the value if the key exists,
# and then save your changes.
vm.max_map_count=262144
# Reload the kernel parameters using sysctl
sudo sysctl -p
# Verify that the change was applied by checking the value
cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count

yaml

注意：将下⾯⽂件中 kafka 的 119.45.147.122 改为你⾃⼰的服务器IP。

准备⼀个 compose.yaml ⽂件，内容如下：

name: devsoft
services:
 redis:
 image: bitnami/redis:latest
 restart: always
 container_name: redis
 environment:
 - REDIS_PASSWORD=123456
 ports:
 - '6379:6379'
 volumes:
 - redis-data:/bitnami/redis/data
 - redis-conf:/opt/bitnami/redis/mounted-etc
 mysql:
 image: mysql:8.0.31
 restart: always
 container_name: mysql
 environment:
 - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
 ports:
 - '3306:3306'
 - '33060:33060'
 volumes:
 - mysql-conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
 - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
 rabbit:
 image: rabbitmq:3-management
 restart: always
 container_name: rabbitmq
 ports:
 - "5672:5672"
 - "15672:15672"
 environment:
 - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=rabbit
 - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=rabbit
 - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=dev
 volumes:
 - rabbit-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
 - rabbit-app:/etc/rabbitmq
 opensearch-node1:
 image: opensearchproject/opensearch:2.13.0
 container_name: opensearch-node1
 environment:
 - cluster.name=opensearch-cluster # Name the cluster
 - node.name=opensearch-node1 # Name the node that will run in this
container
 - discovery.seed_hosts=opensearch-node1,opensearch-node2 # Nodes t
o look for when discovering the cluster
 - cluster.initial_cluster_manager_nodes=opensearch-node1,opensearch
-node2 # Nodes eligibile to serve as cluster manager
 - bootstrap.memory_lock=true # Disable JVM heap memory swapping
 - "OPENSEARCH_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" # Set min and max JVM he
ap sizes to at least 50% of system RAM
 - "DISABLE_INSTALL_DEMO_CONFIG=true" # Prevents execution of bundle
d demo script which installs demo certificates and security configuration
s to OpenSearch
 - "DISABLE_SECURITY_PLUGIN=true" # Disables Security plugin
 ulimits:
 memlock:
 soft: -1 # Set memlock to unlimited (no soft or hard limit)
 hard: -1
 nofile:
 soft: 65536 # Maximum number of open files for the opensearch use
r - set to at least 65536
 hard: 65536
 volumes:
 - opensearch-data1:/usr/share/opensearch/data # Creates volume call
ed opensearch-data1 and mounts it to the container
 ports:
 - 9200:9200 # REST API
 - 9600:9600 # Performance Analyzer
 opensearch-node2:
 image: opensearchproject/opensearch:2.13.0
 container_name: opensearch-node2
 environment:
 - cluster.name=opensearch-cluster # Name the cluster
 - node.name=opensearch-node2 # Name the node that will run in this
container
 - discovery.seed_hosts=opensearch-node1,opensearch-node2 # Nodes t
o look for when discovering the cluster
 - cluster.initial_cluster_manager_nodes=opensearch-node1,opensearch
-node2 # Nodes eligibile to serve as cluster manager
 - bootstrap.memory_lock=true # Disable JVM heap memory swapping
 - "OPENSEARCH_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" # Set min and max JVM he
ap sizes to at least 50% of system RAM
 - "DISABLE_INSTALL_DEMO_CONFIG=true" # Prevents execution of bundle
d demo script which installs demo certificates and security configuration
s to OpenSearch
 - "DISABLE_SECURITY_PLUGIN=true" # Disables Security plugin
 ulimits:

 memlock:
 soft: -1 # Set memlock to unlimited (no soft or hard limit)
 hard: -1
 nofile:
 soft: 65536 # Maximum number of open files for the opensearch use
r - set to at least 65536
 hard: 65536
 volumes:
 - opensearch-data2:/usr/share/opensearch/data # Creates volume call
ed opensearch-data2 and mounts it to the container
 opensearch-dashboards:
 image: opensearchproject/opensearch-dashboards:2.13.0
 container_name: opensearch-dashboards
 ports:
 - 5601:5601 # Map host port 5601 to container port 5601
 expose:
 - "5601" # Expose port 5601 for web access to OpenSearch Dashboards
 environment:
 - 'OPENSEARCH_HOSTS=["http://opensearch-node1:9200","http://opensea
rch-node2:9200"]'
 - "DISABLE_SECURITY_DASHBOARDS_PLUGIN=true" # disables security das
hboards plugin in OpenSearch Dashboards
 zookeeper:
 image: bitnami/zookeeper:3.9
 container_name: zookeeper
 restart: always
 ports:
 - "2181:2181"
 volumes:
 - "zookeeper_data:/bitnami"
 environment:
 - ALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LOGIN=yes
 kafka:
 image: 'bitnami/kafka:3.4'
 container_name: kafka
 restart: always
 hostname: kafka
 ports:
 - '9092:9092'
 - '9094:9094'
 environment:
 - KAFKA_CFG_NODE_ID=0
 - KAFKA_CFG_PROCESS_ROLES=controller,broker
 - KAFKA_CFG_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://:9092,CONTROLLER://:9093,EXTERNA
L://0.0.0.0:9094

 - KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://kafka:9092,EXTERNAL://
119.45.147.122:9094
 - KAFKA_CFG_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP=CONTROLLER:PLAINTEXT,EXT
ERNAL:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT
 - KAFKA_CFG_CONTROLLER_QUORUM_VOTERS=0@kafka:9093
 - KAFKA_CFG_CONTROLLER_LISTENER_NAMES=CONTROLLER
 - ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER=yes
 - "KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS=-Xmx512m -Xms512m"
 volumes:
 - kafka-conf:/bitnami/kafka/config
 - kafka-data:/bitnami/kafka/data
 kafka-ui:
 container_name: kafka-ui
 image: provectuslabs/kafka-ui:latest
 restart: always
 ports:
 - 8080:8080
 environment:
 DYNAMIC_CONFIG_ENABLED: true
 KAFKA_CLUSTERS_0_NAME: kafka-dev
 KAFKA_CLUSTERS_0_BOOTSTRAPSERVERS: kafka:9092
 volumes:
 - kafkaui-app:/etc/kafkaui
 nacos:
 image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.3.1
 container_name: nacos
 ports:
 - 8848:8848
 - 9848:9848
 environment:
 - PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname
 - MODE=standalone
 - JVM_XMX=512m
 - JVM_XMS=512m
 - SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql
 - MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=nacos-mysql
 - MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos_devtest
 - MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306
 - MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=nacos
 - MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=nacos
 - MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_PARAM=characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000
&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serve
rTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
 - NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_KEY=2222
 - NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_VALUE=2xxx
 - NACOS_AUTH_TOKEN=SecretKey012345678901234567890123456789012345678
901234567890123456789
 - NACOS_AUTH_ENABLE=true
 volumes:
 - /app/nacos/standalone-logs/:/home/nacos/logs
 depends_on:
 nacos-mysql:
 condition: service_healthy
 nacos-mysql:
 container_name: nacos-mysql
 build:
 context: .
 dockerfile_inline: |
 FROM mysql:8.0.31
 ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alibaba/nacos/2.3.2/distrib
ution/conf/mysql-schema.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/nacos-mysql.sql
 RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/nacos-mysql.
sql
 EXPOSE 3306
 CMD ["mysqld", "--character-set-server=utf8mb4", "--collation-ser
ver=utf8mb4_unicode_ci"]
 image: nacos/mysql:8.0.30
 environment:
 - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root
 - MYSQL_DATABASE=nacos_devtest
 - MYSQL_USER=nacos
 - MYSQL_PASSWORD=nacos
 - LANG=C.UTF-8
 volumes:
 - nacos-mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql
 ports:
 - "13306:3306"
 healthcheck:
 test: [ "CMD", "mysqladmin" ,"ping", "-h", "localhost" ]
 interval: 5s
 timeout: 10s
 retries: 10
 prometheus:
 image: prom/prometheus:v2.52.0
 container_name: prometheus
 restart: always
 ports:
 - 9090:9090
 volumes:
 - prometheus-data:/prometheus
 - prometheus-conf:/etc/prometheus
 grafana:
 image: grafana/grafana:10.4.2
 container_name: grafana
  restart: always
 ports:
 - 3000:3000
 volumes:
 - grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana
volumes:
 redis-data:
 redis-conf:
 mysql-conf:
 mysql-data:
 rabbit-data:
 rabbit-app:
 opensearch-data1:
 opensearch-data2:
 nacos-mysqldata:
 zookeeper_data:
 kafka-conf:
 kafka-data:
 kafkaui-app:
 prometheus-data:
 prometheus-conf:
 grafana-data:

启动

# 在 compose.yaml ⽂件所在的⽬录下执⾏
docker compose up -d
# 等待启动所有容器

tip：如果重启了服务器，可能有些容器会启动失败。再执⾏⼀遍 docker compose up -d 即可。 所有程序都可运⾏成功，并且不会丢失数据。请放⼼使⽤。

访问

zookeeper可视化⼯具下载：

• https://github.com/vran-dev/PrettyZoo/releases/download/v2.1.1/prettyZoo-win.zip

redis可视化⼯具下载：

• https://github.com/qishibo/AnotherRedisDesktopManager/releases/download/v1.6.4/Another-Redis-Desktop-Manager.1.6.4.exe